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Cake day: August 5th, 2023

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  • For anyone interested here’s a very abbreviated rough list of the first ever dictionaries, summarised from Wikipedia:

    • First Sumerian-Akkadian word list is dated around 2300 BCE.
    • The first surviving monolingual dictionary is Chinese and from 3rd century BCE.
    • First Arabic dictionary was from 8th century.
    • The oldest surviving Japanese dictionary is from 835.
    • The word dictionary was invented by an Englishmen in 1220. There are English-Latin, English- French and English-Spanish bilingual dictionaries from this time.
    • First Latin dictionary was published in 1440.
    • The first alphabetical English dictionary was published in 1604.
    • A Spanish, Italian and French dictionary were published ~1611.
    • The first American dictionary was completed in 1825.

    I would have thought there would be dictionary of hieroglyphics before any of them, but if there was it hasn’t survived.



  • Thanks for that! I’ve been learning Spanish for about a year now, but on my own and I don’t know anyone who speaks it. I’m very much still a beginner. I learnt French at school so the idea of gendered nouns wasn’t so much of a problem, but for someone reason indirect object pronouns (I also had no idea what this meant in my native tongue!) have been tripping me up.

    “Me gusta mucha esta falda, pero le no quiero comprar” for example. I don’t understand why I’m using “le” when the “it” I’m talking about is feminine.

    Or if I want to say “I’ll ask her for her number” it’s “le pediré su numero” (I think, I’m not sure I’ve got the verb form for pedir correct). But what if a boy and girl are standing next to each other, how do you know I’m talking about her if le is gender neutral?

    And then sometimes duolingo tells me it’s “la” and I have no idea why! Duo isn’t great for learning more than the basics imo though. I’m sure it will become more natural/easier/I’ll stop over thinking it eventually. It seems like such a silly thing to get caught on, but here I am!

    I’ve spoken about this in a learn Spanish sub and someone recommended a book called “English grammar for students of Spanish” or something similar and it’s SO helpful, because no one has ever taught me what an “indirect object pronoun” is in English so it made it really difficult to even describe what I didn’t understand, if that makes sense? Clearly I need to read some more of that book!



  • Condescending much? A large part of this thread is discussing the difference between Latino (from the Latin American region) and Hispanic (of Spanish decent). Americans might use the word interchangeably, but not in Europe. Spanish cuisine is not the same as LatAm cuisine. It is influenced by it, but it’s not the same.

    A very obvious example is a “tortilla”. In Spain it is an omelet made with a base of potato, egg and onion. In LatAm a tortilla is a corn bread used to make tacos, fajitas, quesadillas, burritos etc. None of the latter are considered Spanish cuisine.

    The Mediterranean sea is a huge influence on hispanic food; seafood and shellfish dominates the south. Paella is Spain’s national dish, pescaito frito and calamari and are very common. Cured meats, olives, aubergine and tomatoes are also staples.

    Tequila, mescal, “frijoles” (literally not a word a Spanish person would use) avocado, chilli, and stewed meats are all much more common in LatAm than they are in Spain. LatAm food tends to be spicer, relying on peppers and chilli powder whereas Spanish food is more about the aroma than spice; saffron is used commonly. LatAm food is heavy on the coriander where it grows more easily. It’s only used sparingly in Spain.

    As to your Britain has no good LatAm food statement, we do, at least in the big cities we do. Right now I’m within half an hour of restaurants specialising in Argentinian, Peruvian, Mexican, Chilean and Cuban food - as well as Spanish and Portuguese. And that’s proper restaurants, not just American style drive-thru take outs. Theres a whole bunch of chain restaurants here too; las iguanas, chiquito, wahaca, chipotle, tortilla etc.