• 3 Posts
  • 28 Comments
Joined 1 year ago
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Cake day: June 14th, 2023

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  • censorship, profiling, and surveillance

    Also inventing evidence to scuttle anyone dangerous in the court of public opinion.

    A union leader getting you down? Here’s a “leaked tape” of him sexually harassing an “anonymous whistleblower.”

    Corporate democrat getting primaried by a socialist teacher? Sure would be a shame if it was “discovered” that he posts in a small dark web cp forum that has “posts going back years” and he “accidentally outed himself.”

    Once generative ML gets good enough that it’s indistinguishable from legitimate evidence, it’ll be possible for anyone with that kind of power to construct whatever reality is convenient. We were always at war with Eastasia.







  • As a follow up, I looked into this position with the current strongest rated network, and at 25 visits, K14 is actually the favorite move, followed by the reduction at O8*. After 100,000 visits it hates every move, but thinks that K14 is about 6.5 points better than the next best move H14. There are some big territorial swings, and depending on the exact sequence the network will like the situation more or less, so the network thinks this is a very volatile position.

    * Note, now that I’ve had a look at it, I don’t believe that it is possible for black to kill white at M10. Best black can do seems to be seki: bO8, O7, N5, P8, N8, N9, M8, P9. But if you have a better result for black please let me know.


  • A nuclear reactor can range anywhere from 30-50% thermal efficiency, which is similar to a coal fired power plant, because Carnot engines and ain’t thermodynamics a bitch. Coal and nuclear power plants also both need massive heatsinks and are normally situated by rivers. So while your comment implies that this is somehow worse than what we already have, it’s not!

    Also a nuclear power plant has a much smaller ecological footprint than many renewable sources of energy simply because it is relatively compact in terms of land use as compared to the amount of energy it produces. Solar requires converting acres of land into solar farms. Wind requires installing wind mills, and while they do kill a lot of birds and that’s a shame, it is a little sensationalized imo, and this particular talking point against windmills is probably a scarecrow argument from fossil fuel companies. Instead, I’ll focus again on land use. You can’t really have land conservation for wildlife where solar and wind exist because they would disrupt most types of habitat.

    Finally, hydro. You have to flood several square miles of perfectly good land to make a reservoir lake, destroying wildlife habitats.

    But back to the main point. A 1 GWe nuclear power plant requires around 3 GWt of cooling, this is a rate of about 300 gallons (40 cubic feet) of water boiled per second (the true value used will be slightly higher due to inefficiencies, but this is ballpark correct), which sounds like a lot, and it is on a human scale, but for a typical river, this is a rounding error. If you go to the Wikipedia page for a list of US Rivers by discharge and scroll all of the way to the bottom, even the smallest rivers on this list, such as the St. John’s River, which is described in its own page as “The drop in elevation from headwaters to mouth is less than 30 feet (9 m); like most Florida waterways, the St. Johns has a very slow flow speed of 0.3 mph (0.13 m/s), and is often described as ‘lazy’,” has a typical flow rate of 15,000 cu ft/s.

    As an aside, we, of course, use river water for other things, and this use is considerably larger, for instance, irrigation uses, livestock uses, and so on. We essentially consume the entire Colorado river, which no longer flows to the sea. “Due to water diversions, flows at the mouth of the river have steadily declined since the early 1900s. Since 1960, the Colorado has typically dried up before reaching the sea, with the exception of a few wet years.” There is no nuclear power plant on the Colorado river.


  • Blind spots like this occur all of the time. Can you give some additional details and context? And I’ll try to get this position as an sgf position for training.

    What network were you using to evaluate this position?

    Do you have an sgf file of this game that you can share, so that I can attempt to reproduce this issue? (Sometimes, the real blind spot is few plys into the tree, so it’s sometimes useful to be able to look into the position.)


  • Hi! I’m a nuclear engineer. I just wanted to do a small drive-by clarification/lecture.

    There are a lot of feedbacks that are considered when designing a nuclear reactor, it’s not just a single void coefficient. There are thermal feedbacks, feedbacks related to the decay of fission products, feedbacks related to the burnup of fuel, the burnup of the neutron poisons, the activation of the water in the primary loop, etc etc. When designing a nuclear reactor, all of these effects must be examined. Generally, this involves finding the transfer function and confirming that all the poles of the transfer function have real part less than 0. (This is where the “negative” part comes in, they’re complex numbers in general, but as long as the real part is less than zero this corresponds to a decaying exponential.)

    An aside on criticality. We are quite fortunate in that due to a quirk of nuclear physics, fission reactors are possible. We call the time difference between one fission and the next from the neutrons produced a “generation.” If we had to react on the timescales of a “generation” based on the simple model where one fission leads directly to another, then we’d have to react in milliseconds, and this just wouldn’t be possible to make a reactor safe, even with an extremely well designed system of feedbacks. However, some fission products will decay and release a neutron, these so-called delayed neutrons make controlling a nuclear reactor on human time scales possible (minutes and hours instead of milliseconds), and it makes these feedback loops far more stable. So we aim to keep the criticality below 1 for “prompt” neutrons, and slightly above 1 for delayed neutrons, then we rely on the feedback systems (primarily thermal and fission products) to keep the criticality oscillating very slowly around 1.

    For specifically Chernobyl, there is a more broad idea that we concentrate on in reactor design, that of overmoderation vs undermoderation. Reactivity has a relative peak at a particular amount of moderation, and we want to design the reactor in such a way that it can never get more moderated than that peak, because that would give a positive feedback loop if increasing the power led to a concomitant decrease in moderation (which is normal, the density of liquid water decreases with increasing temperature). Because Chernobyl was graphite moderated and steam cooled, we had an especially bad case of this where the core flooded and was massively overmoderated, and in order to get the water out of the core they attempted to turn the reactor all of the way up and boil it out, but in doing so this caused the reactivity to go massively supercritical as the moderation was reduced from absolutely smothering the reaction to just right. It was so supercritical that it was supercritical only with the prompt neutrons, so-called prompt supercriticality, which is why you read things like the power went up 1000x in a second.

    The United States does not, and did not even at the time, allow certification of designs where it is possible for this to occur. All reactors must have negative reaction coefficients for all major feedbacks in all operating scenarios, and, in fact, due to this stringent process there are only 4 reactor types that the NRC has currently certified for new nuclear reactors (with 3 more currently under review), (and each design has to be certified jointly with the location where it will be built, so something like Fukushima, where the backup generators are in the basement in a flood zone, would not pass certification review in the US.)

    Anyway, I hope this was interesting and educational.